Research

Here you can read about my publications, research grants, awards, and my professional activities. For information about supervision, please visit the Supervision page.

Research Areas

Interaction Techniques

Including variability-aware interaction design that aims to design systems that embrace user variability, as well as assistive and accessible technologies.

Digital Health

Including monitoring and self-management of axial spondyloarthritis, stress detection, and other digital health interventions.

Physical Activity

Exploring how sensing and interaction can support people when undertaking physical activities such as learning or practising a new skill.

Technologies

Wearables icon

Wearables

Extended Reality icon

Extended Reality

Computer Vision icon

Computer Vision

Publications

Below is a list of my publications, the full and most up to date list can be found on Google Scholar.

2025

How accessible are virtual reality freehand gestures? Understanding barriers for users with upper limb motor impairments
Pococke, Lauren and Jicol, Crescent and Lutteroth, Christof and Clarke, Christopher
ASSETS 2025
Understanding Freehand Cursorless Pointing Variability and Its Impact on Selection Performance
Whiffing, James and Langlotz, Tobias and Lutteroth, Christof and Sharma, Adwait and Clarke, Christopher
TOCHI 2025
Investigating the Impact of Deformable, Movable, and Rigid Surfaces on Force-Input Interactions
Nash, James and Sauv'e, Kim and Sharma, Adwait and Clarke, Christopher and Alexander, Jason
TOCHI 2025
Openearable 2.0: Open-source earphone platform for physiological ear sensing
Röddiger Tobias and Kuttner, Michael and Lepold, Philipp and King, Tobias and Moschina, Dennis and Bagge, Oliver and Paradiso, Joseph A and Clarke, Christopher and Beigl, Michael
IMWUT 2025
RetroSketch: A Retrospective Method for Measuring Emotions and Presence in Virtual Reality
Potts, Dominic and Gada, Miloni and Gupta, Aastha and Goel, Kavya and Krzok, Klaus Philipp and Pate, Genevieve and Hartley, Joseph and Weston-Arnold, Mark and Aylott, Jakob and Clarke, Christopher and others
CHI 2025
HydroHaptics: High-Fidelity Force-Feedback on Soft Deformable Interfaces using Hydrostatic Transmission
Nash, James and Sauv'e, Kim and van Riet, Catharina Maria and van Oosterhout, Anke and Sharma, Adwait and Clarke, Christopher and Alexander, Jason
UIST 2025
BodyPursuits: Exploring Smooth Pursuit Gaze Interaction Based on Body Motion Targets
Hansen, Anja and Makarem, Sarah and Kunze, Kai and Zhou, Yexu and Knierim, Michael Thomas and Clarke, Christopher and Gellersen, Hans and Beigl, Michael and Röddiger Tobias
ETRA 2025
earEOG via periauricular electrodes to facilitate eye tracking in a natural headphone form factor
King, Tobias and Knierim, Michael and Lepold, Philipp and Clarke, Christopher and Gellersen, Hans and Beigl, Michael and Röddiger Tobias
Scientific Reports 2025
Demonstrating OpenEarable 2.0: An AI-Powered Ear Sensing Platform
Röddiger Tobias and Zitz, Valeria and Hummel, Jonas and Küttner, Michael and Lepold, Philipp and King, Tobias and Paradiso, Joseph A and Clarke, Christopher and Beigl, Michael
CHI Extended Abstracts 2025
The AI of the beholder: Experience of healthcare AI robots is shaped by user-centred factors, not their visual appearance
Yoon, Jinha and Zajac, Patrycja and Pococke, Lauren and Jicol, Anisia and Clarke, Christopher and O'neill, Eamonn and Petrini, Karin and Lutteroth, Christof and Jicol, Crescent
IEEE Transactions on Visualization and Computer Graphics 2025
EarXplore: An Open Research Database on Earable Interaction
Hummel, Jonas and Röddiger Tobias and Zitz, Valeria and Lepold, Philipp and Küttner, Michael and Prill, Marius and Clarke, Christopher and Gellersen, Hans and Beigl, Michael
arXiv preprint arXiv:2507.20656, 2025

2024

Sweating the Details: Emotion Recognition and the Influence of Physical Exertion in Virtual Reality Exergaming
Potts, Dominic and Broad, Zoe and Sehgal, Tarini and Hartley, Joseph and O'Neill, Eamonn and Jicol, Crescent and Clarke, Christopher and Lutteroth, Christof
CHI 2024
Watch this! observational learning in VR promotes better far transfer than active learning for a fine psychomotor task
Fitton, Isabel Sophie and Dark, Elizabeth and Oliveira da Silva, Manoela Milena and Dalton, Jeremy and Proulx, Michael J and Clarke, Christopher and Lutteroth, Christof
CHI 2024
DeformIO: Dynamic stiffness control on a deformable force-sensing display
Nash, James David and Steer, Cameron and Dinca, Teodora and Sharma, Adwait and Favaratto Santos, Alvaro and Wildgoose, Benjamin Timothy and Ager, Alexander and Clarke, Christopher and Alexander, Jason
CHI Extended Abstracts 2024
REVEAL: REal and Virtual Environments Augmentation Lab@ Bath
Potts, Dominic and Jicol, Crescent and Clarke, Christopher and O'Neill, Eamonn and Fitton, Isabel Sophie and Dark, Elizabeth and Oliveira Da Silva, Manoela Milena and Broad, Zoe and Sehgal, Tarini and Hartley, Joseph and others
CHI Extended Abstracts 2024
Exploring the "EarSwitch" concept: a novel ear based control method for assistive technology
Hoyle, Anna C and Stevenson, Richard and Leonhardt, Martin and Gillett, Thomas and Martinez-Hernandez, Uriel and Gompertz, Nick and Clarke, Christopher and Cazzola, Dario and Metcalfe, Benjamin W
Journal of NeuroEngineering and Rehabilitation 2024
Watch Out! XR Mobile Displays Improve the Experience of Co-Located VR Gaming Observers
Salagean, Anca and Jicol, Crescent and Dasalla, Kenneth and Clarke, Christopher and Lutteroth, Christof
ISMAR 2024
P169 Optimising self-management in axial spondyloarthritis: a qualitative exploration of patient perspectives
Barnett, Rosie and Clarke, Christopher and Sengupta, Raj and Rouse, Peter
Rheumatology, 2024
AB1460 DEVELOPMENT STRATEGIES AND THEORETICAL UNDERPINNINGS OF SMARTPHONE APPS TO SUPPORT SELF-MANAGEMENT OF RHEUMATIC AND MUSCULOSKELETAL DISEASES: A SYSTEMATIC LITERATURE REVIEW
Barnett, Rosemarie and Clarke, Christopher and Sengupta, Raj and Rouse, PC
Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases, 2024
Accelerating XR Innovation through a pan-European Lab Network: An overview of the EMIL project
Blonnigen, Justus and Clarke, Christopher and Dahn, Andreas and Forelli, Lisa and Gowrishankar, Ramyah and Heikura, Tuija and Helzle, Volker and Hine, Paul and Jicol, Crescent and Kreische, Alexander and others
Proceedings of the 2024 ACM International Conference on Interactive Media Experiences Workshops, 2024
To explore the relationship between affective states and engagement in (digital) mental well-being promotional activities in students.
Groot, Julia and Brosnan, Mark and Gjersoe, Nathalia and Ainsworth, Ben and Clarke, Christopher
OSF 2024
Dataset for "Sweating The Details: Emotion Recognition and the Influence of Physical Exertion in Virtual Reality Exergaming" and EmoSense SDK
Potts, Dominic and Hartley, Joe and Jicol, Crescent and Clarke, Christopher and Lutteroth, Christof
2024

2023

Vergence matching: Inferring attention to objects in 3d environments for gaze-assisted selection
Sidenmark, Ludwig and Clarke, Christopher and Newn, Joshua and Lystbaek, Mathias N and Pfeuffer, Ken and Gellersen, Hans
CHI 2023
Realism and field of view affect presence in VR but not the way you think
Jicol, Crescent and Clarke, Christopher and Tor, Emilia and Dakin, Rebecca M and Lancaster, Tom Charlie and Chang, Sze Tung and Petrini, Karin and O'Neill, Eamonn and Proulx, Michael J and Lutteroth, Christof
CHI 2023
Imagine that! imaginative suggestibility affects presence in virtual reality
Jicol, Crescent and Clarke, Christopher and Tor, Emilia and Yip, Hiu Lam and Yoon, Jinha and Bevan, Chris and Bowden, Hugh and Brann, Elisa and Cater, Kirsten and Cole, Richard and others
CHI 2023
Dancing with the avatars: minimal avatar customisation enhances learning in a psychomotor task
Fitton, Isabel and Clarke, Christopher and Dalton, Jeremy and Proulx, Michael J and Lutteroth, Christof
CHI 2023
FakeForward: using deepfake technology for feedforward learning
Clarke, Christopher and Xu, Jingnan and Zhu, Ye and Dharamshi, Karan and McGill, Harry and Black, Stephen and Lutteroth, Christof
CHI 2023
REVEAL: REal and Virtual Environments Augmentation Lab@ Bath
Lutteroth, Christof and Jicol, Crescent and Clarke, Christopher and Proulx, Michael J and O'Neill, Eamonn and Petrini, Karin and Fitton, Isabel Sophie and Tor, Emilia and Yoon, Jinha
CHI Extended Abstracts 2023
The effectiveness of fully automated digital interventions in promoting mental well-being in the general population: systematic review and meta-analysis
Groot, Julia and MacLellan, Alexander and Butler, Madelaine and Todor, Elisa and Zulfiqar, Mahnoor and Thackrah, Timothy and Clarke, Christopher and Brosnan, Mark and Ainsworth, Ben and others
JMIR mental health 2023
Protocol for a systematic literature review of smartphone apps to support the self-management of rheumatic and musculoskeletal diseases: development strategies, theoretical underpinnings and barriers to engagement
Barnett, Rosemarie and Clarke, Christopher and Sengupta, Raj and Rouse, Peter C
Systematic Reviews 2023
PROTOCOL Open Access
Barnett, Rosemarie and Clarke, Christopher and Sengupta, Raj and Rouse, Peter C
2023

2022

Sensing with earables: A systematic literature review and taxonomy of phenomena
Röddiger Tobias and Clarke, Christopher and Breitling, Paula and Schneegans, Tim and Zhao, Haibin and Gellersen, Hans and Beigl, Michael
IMWUT 2022
Step into my mind palace: Exploration of a collaborative paragogy tool in VR
Sims, Robert and Chang, Barry and Bennett, Verity and Krishnan, Advaith and Aboubakar, Abdalslam and Coman, George and Bahrami, Abdulrazak and Huang, Zehao and Clarke, Christopher and Karnik, Abhijit
iLRN 2022
OpenEarable: Open Hardware Earable Sensing Platform
Röddiger Tobias and King, Tobias and Roodt, Dylan Ray and Clarke, Christopher and Beigl, Michael
EarComp 2022
Excerpt from “Sensing with Earables: A Systematic Literature Review and Taxonomy of Phenomena”
Röddiger Tobias and Clarke, Christopher and Breitling, Paula and Schneegans, Tim and Zhao, Haibin and Gellersen, Hans and Beigl, Michael
Adjunct Proceedings of the 2022 ACM International Joint Conference on Pervasive and Ubiquitous Computing and the 2022 ACM International Symposium on Wearable Computers, 2022
Advanced Visual Interfaces for Augmented Video
Coccoli, Mauro and Galluccio, Ilenia and Torre, Ilaria and Amenduni, Francesca and Cattaneo, Alberto and Clarke, Christopher
AVI 2022
ETRA'22: 2022 Symposium on Eye Tracking Research and Applications
Shic, Frederick and Kasneci, Enkelejda and Khamis, Mohamed and Gellersen, Hans and Krejtz, Krzysztof and Weiskopf, Daniel and Blascheck, Tanja and Bradshaw, Jessica and Vrzakova, Hana and Binaee, Kamran and others
ETRA 2022

2021

EarRumble: Discreet Hands-and Eyes-Free Input by Voluntary Tensor Tympani Muscle Contraction
Röddiger Tobias and Clarke, Christopher and Wolffram, Daniel and Budde, Matthias and Beigl, Michael
CHI 2021
Gaze+ Hold: Eyes-only Direct Manipulation with Continuous Gaze Modulated by Closure of One Eye
Gomez, Argenis Ramirez and Clarke, Christopher and Sidenmark, Ludwig and Gellersen, Hans
ETRA 2021
Reactive Video: Movement Sonification as Auditory Feedback for Supporting Physical Activity
Cavdir, Doga and Clarke, Christopher and Chiu, Patrick and Denoue, Laurent and Kimber, Don
NIME 2021
The environmental impact of research communities: insights from conference sustainability chairs
Williams, Kristin and Kane, Bridget and Clarke, Chris and Widdicks, Kelly
XRDS: Crossroads, The ACM Magazine for Students, 2021

2020

Reactive Video: Adaptive Video Playback Based on User Motion for Supporting Physical Activity
Clarke, Christopher and Cavdir, Doga and Chiu, Patrick and Denoue, Laurent and Kimber, Don
UIST 2020
Outline Pursuits: Gaze-assisted Selection of Occluded Objects in Virtual Reality
Sidenmark*, Ludwig and Clarke*, Christopher and Zhang, Xuesong and Phu, Jenny and Gellersen, Hans
CHI 2020
Motion Coupling of Earable Devices in Camera View
Clarke, Christopher and Ehrich, Peter and Gellersen, Hans
MUM 2020
BimodalGaze: Seamlessly Refined Pointing with Gaze and Filtered Gestural Head Movement
Sidenmark, Ludwig and Mardanbegi, Diako and Gomez, Argenis Ramirez and Clarke, Christopher and Gellersen, Hans
ETRA 2020
Dynamic motion coupling of body movement for input control
Clarke, Christopher
Lancaster University (United Kingdom), 2020

2019

Monocular gaze depth estimation using the vestibulo-ocular reflex
Mardanbegi, Diako and Clarke, Christopher and Gellersen, Hans
ETRA 2019

2017

MatchPoint: Spontaneous Spatial Coupling of Body Movement for Touchless Pointing
Clarke, Christopher and Gellersen, Hans
UIST 2017
Remote control by body movement in synchrony with orbiting widgets: An evaluation of TraceMatch
Clarke, Christopher and Bellino, Alessio and Esteves, Augusto and Gellersen, Hans
IMWUT 2017
Motion correlation: Selecting objects by matching their movement
Velloso, Eduardo and Carter, Marcus and Newn, Joshua and Esteves, Augusto and Clarke, Christopher and Gellersen, Hans
TOCHI 2017
AURORA: autonomous real-time on-board video analytics
Angelov, Plamen and Sadeghi-Tehran, Pouria and Clarke, Christopher
Neural Computing and Applications 2017

2016

TraceMatch: a computer vision technique for user input by tracing of animated controls
Clarke, Christopher and Bellino, Alessio and Esteves, Augusto and Velloso, Eduardo and Gellersen, Hans
UbiComp 2016

2015

Self-defining memory cues: creative expression and emotional meaning
Sas, Corina and Challioner, Scott and Clarke, Christopher and Wilson, Ross and Coman, Alina and Clinch, Sarah and Harding, Mike and Davies, Nigel
CHI Extended Abstracts 2015

2014

Sariva: Smartphone app for real-time intelligent video analytics
Clarke, Christopher and Angelov, Plamen and Yusufu, M and Sadeghi-Tehran, Pouria
Journal of Automation Mobile Robotics and Intelligent Systems, 2014
A real-time approach for autonomous detection and tracking of moving objects from UAV
Sadeghi-Tehran, Pouria and Clarke, Christopher and Angelov, Plamen
EALS 2014

Research Grants

Whilst in academia, I have received research funding from a number of sources including (as PI*):

Novel Wearable-based Stress Measurement Using Smartwatch and Earables*
UKRI Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council (EPSRC)
Total Awarded: Approx. £72,798
Age inclusive technology for active ageing in retirement living
UKRI Economic and Social Research Council (ESRC)
Total Awarded: Approx. £18,877
iSTEP: Intelligent inclusive Social Television-based Exercise snacking Project
UKRI Economic and Social Research Council (ESRC)
Total Awarded: Approx. £105,844
European Media and Immersion Lab (EMIL)
Horizon Europe and UK Research and Innovation (UKRI)
Total Awarded: Approx. €8,000,000
Hands free-control of upper arm prostheses using The Earswitch, and translation to functional, active, assistive support (The Earswitch FAAS-brace) for upper-limb weakness post-stroke, cervical spinal cord injury and neuropathies
National Institute for Health Research (NIHR)
Total Awarded: £69,870
The Earswitch: NIHR i4i PDA: taking proof-of-concept via co-design and objective technical/ user validation to a user ready assistive technology switch, incorporating wider health and care innovative sensor applications
National Institute for Health Research (NIHR)
Total Awarded: £1,449,793
BIRD Summer Studentship 2022*
Bath Institute for Rheumatic Diseases (BIRD)
Total Awarded: £2,840

Industry Grants

Also, during my time at Veraz Ltd I co-authored several successful funding proposals:

The Green Badge System (Phase 3 Competition)
Small Business Research Initiative (SBRI) Healthcare
Total Awarded: £928,462
Care Tracker - automatic care quality assurance - hospital to home
Small Business Research Initiative (SBRI) Healthcare
Total Awarded: £98,853
FSA Strategic challenge 2012: Green badge system for food safety
Food Standards Agency (FSA)
Total Awarded: £54,728

Awards

2025 - UIST'25 Best Paper Honourable Mention

For HydroHaptics: High-Fidelity Force-Feedback on Soft Deformable Interfaces using Hydrostatic Transmission

2025 - CHI'25 Best Paper Honourable Mention

For RetroSketch: A Retrospective Method for Measuring Emotions and Presence in Virtual Reality

2024 - CHI'24 Best Paper Honourable Mention

For Sweating the Details: Emotion Recognition and the Influence of Physical Exertion in Virtual Reality Exergaming

2020 - EPSRC Doctoral Prize
2020 - ETRA'20 Best Paper Honourable Mention

For BimodalGaze: Seamlessly Refined Pointing with Gaze and Filtered Gestural Head Movement

2017 - TOCHI Best Paper Award

For Motion Correlation: Selecting Objects by Matching Their Movement

2014 - Best MSc Computer Science Dissertation

School of Computing and Communications, Lancaster University

2014 - Best Overall Student

School of Computing and Communications, Lancaster University

Professional Activities

Program Committee Member

Organising Committee Member and Service

Reviewer of Research Articles in HCI & UbiComp Conferences/Journals